Do I have to declare crypto even if I have not sold them?

No tax on gains if you have not sold (gains are realised only on sale). But you must still complete Section RW for fiscal monitoring if the value of crypto exceeds €15,000 during the year (relevance threshold for monitoring). It is always advisable to declare even below the threshold to avoid disputes.

How do I find the value of crypto on 31 December?

Use the closing price on your exchange (download the statement as at 31 December) or on platforms like CoinMarketCap or CoinGecko, which show historical prices. Convert everything to euros at the day's exchange rate. Always keep screenshots or CSVs as documentation.

I have undeclared crypto from previous years. How do I regularise?

The 2023 Budget Law provided a regularisation for crypto held up to 31/12/2021: it was possible to submit an amended return and pay 3.5% of the crypto value + 0.5% annually for monitoring. The original deadline has passed. For subsequent years, use ravvedimento operoso by submitting amended returns with the relevant reduced penalties.

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Cryptocurrencies and taxes in Italy: how to declare gains in 2026

From 1 January 2023 (Budget Law 2023, art. 1 paras. 126-147) cryptocurrencies in Italy are taxed as 'crypto-assets' at 26% on capital gains exceeding the €2,000 threshold in the tax year. Crypto-assets must be monitored in Section RW of the tax return. Those who have not declared in previous years can apply for a regularisation at reduced rates.

Authority

Agenzia delle Entrate

Time

30 min

Updated

May 2026

What you need

✓Transaction history on all exchanges used (in CSV or PDF)
✓Euro values of purchase and sale of each crypto (at time of transaction)
✓Tax return: 730 form (Section D + RW) or Redditi PF (Section RT + RW)
✓Any sworn valuation for revaluation as at 1 January 2023 (if you applied for regularisation)

Step-by-step procedure

Calculate capital gains and check the €2,000 threshold

Capital gains are calculated as: selling price (in euros) − purchase cost (in euros). Purchase cost includes transaction fees. Calculation is per individual transaction (not global portfolio). The €2,000 threshold is cumulative across all crypto for the tax year: if net gains (net of any losses) exceed €2,000, 26% tax applies on the entire exceeding amount. If you are below €2,000, no tax is due but you must still declare holdings in section RW.

Losses can be offset against gains in the same year or carried forward for the next 4 years.

Section RW: mandatory fiscal monitoring

All cryptocurrency holders must complete Section RW of the tax return (even if they earned nothing and even if they are below the €2,000 capital gains threshold). In the RW declare: the type of crypto-asset, the value on 31 December of the year (in euros at the day's exchange rate), the average balance, and identification codes. Failure to monitor is subject to penalties (3%-15% of the undeclared value, 6%-30% if crypto are in blacklisted countries).

Even those holding crypto on foreign exchanges (e.g. Binance, Coinbase) must complete Section RW.

Staking, mining and airdrops: how they are taxed

Staking and lending: income from staking (interest or rewards) is taxed as capital income at 26% when received (regardless of sale). Mining: considered business income or other income depending on organisation; taxed as ordinary income. Airdrops and forks: if received for free, the purchase cost is zero (so the entire future sale is a taxable gain). NFTs: follow the same rules as crypto if sold at a profit.

Regulations are constantly evolving. For complex transactions (DeFi, crypto derivatives), consult a specialised accountant.

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Agenzia delle Entrate — Cripto-attività

Agenzia delle Entrate

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Frequently asked questions

Responsible authority

Authority

Agenzia delle Entrate

Phone

800 90 96 96

Certified email

Website

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The information in this guide is for orientation only and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Always verify on the official portal of the responsible authority.